Skip Nav Destination Content Menu. Close Abstract. Article Navigation. Disorders of Platelet Number or Function November 29, This Site. Google Scholar. Blood Supplement 1 : Cite Icon Cite. View large Download slide. Add comment Close comment form modal.
Submit a comment. Comment title. You have entered an invalid code. Submit Cancel. In the case of essential thrombocythemia, the bone marrow makes too many cells that create platelets. It's not clear what causes this to happen.
If an underlying condition such as an infection or iron deficiency causes a high platelet count, it's called secondary thrombocytosis. Compared with essential thrombocythemia, secondary thrombocytosis causes less risk of blood clots and bleeding. If a blood clot occurs in the arteries that supply the brain, it may cause a stroke or a transient ischemic attack TIA.
A TIA mini-stroke is a temporary interruption of blood flow to part of the brain. Signs and symptoms of both a stroke and a TIA develop suddenly and include:. Less commonly, essential thrombocythemia can cause clots in the arteries that supply blood to your heart. Signs and symptoms of a heart attack include:. Most women who have essential thrombocythemia have normal, healthy pregnancies. But uncontrolled thrombocythemia can lead to miscarriage and other complications. Your risk of complications may be reduced with regular checkups and medication, so be sure to have your doctor regularly monitor your condition.
Essential thrombocythemia care at Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview Essential thrombocythemia throm-boe-sie-THEE-me-uh is an uncommon disorder in which your body produces too many platelets.
Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Select personalised ads. Apply market research to generate audience insights. Measure content performance. Develop and improve products. List of Partners vendors. In general, a platelet count more than , cells per microliter is considered elevated; this is known as thrombocytosis. There are numerous causes of thrombocytosis and fortunately, the majority are benign and transient.
Let's review some of the most common causes. Chronic myleoproliferative disorders disorders where the bone marrow makes too many blood cells can cause thrombocytosis. In ET, for example, the bone marrow makes too many megakaryocytes, the cells that make platelets, resulting in thrombocytosis. With these conditions, the excessive numbers of platelets cause the blood to be thick and flow more slowly which may result in blood clots.
Treatment is aimed at reducing the platelet count to reduce this risk. In both children and adults, infections are the most common cause of an elevated platelet count. The majority of people who experience this are asymptomatic but a small group of patients with other risk factors may develop blood clots. Platelet counts generally return to normal after resolution of the infection, but this may take several weeks.
In some patients, thrombocytosis may be a rebound effect after having thrombocytopenia low platelets during initial infection. Although a low hemoglobin and small red blood cells are the typical laboratory values associated with iron deficiency anemia, elevation of the platelet count is not uncommon. At this time, it is unknown what exactly causes this thrombocytosis.
In general, it is well tolerated and resolves with appropriate iron supplementation treatment. A certain amount of platelets are housed in your spleen at any given time. This thrombocytosis is usually mild to moderate and well tolerated. Immediately after splenectomy, thrombocytosis may be severe and may trigger the formation of a blood clot.
This post-splenectomy complication occurs in about 5 percent of patients. In general, the risk is greatest in the month after splenectomy. Conditions with inflammation, like rheumatologic disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, and vasculitides, can have thrombocytosis. In particular, the cytokines interleukin-6 and thrombopoietin stimulate platelet production. Mixed cryoglobulinemia can cause a false elevation in the platelet count.
These particles may be falsely counted as platelets by the machine performing the complete blood count. This condition is associated with hepatitis C infection, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis.
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